THE GREEK WAR OF INDEPENDENCE (1821-1827) (Room 4)

Revolution in Greece erupted one month after Al. Ypsilantis’ movement in Moldavia and Wallachia.

 

Revolution in Greece erupted one month after Al. Ypsilantis’ movement in Moldavia and Wallachia. These developments escalated in March 1821 – Tradition says that on the 25th, bishop Germanos III of Old Patras raised a cross on the Agios Georgios square in Patras and blessed the weapons. This date is celebrated as the anniversary of the Greek War of Independence.

The Revolution found fertile ground in southern Greece and the Aegean islands, where the Philiki Etaireia had great influence, and the apostasy of Ali Pasha favoured its establishment. Macedonia, Thrace, Crete and Cyprus also rebelled.

The first revolutionary forces were formed by experienced klephts (bandits) –who had their bases of operation on the mountains in Souli, Mani, Arcadia, Agrafa etc. where Ottoman power was limited– and armatols, sort of militia often derived from the ranks of klephts but appointed by the administration for the maintenance of order.For the administrative organization of the Revolution, local institutions and National Assemblies were formed, beginning with the one of Epidaurus, in December 1821.

Despite military successes, the difficulty of establishing a united Authority –due to the friction of interests between notables, the military, Phanariots, merchants, clergy, the people– led to civil conflict in 1824. The landing of Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt on the Peloponnese in 1825, with his trained regular army, brought the Greek War of Independence to an extremely critical point.

Το 1836 ο Ι. Μακρυγιάννης αποφάσισε να πραγματοποιήσει μια σειρά εικόνων με θέματα από τον Αγώνα. Στόχος του ήταν η παραγωγή αφηγηματικών εικόνων, ικανών να ιστορήσουν με τρόπο κατανοητό τα γεγονότα. Για το λόγο αυτό κάλεσε στην Αθήνα τον Παναγιώτη Ζωγράφο με τους δύο γιους του, αγιογράφους από τη Σπάρτη, με τους οποίους συνεργάστηκε στενά μέχρι το 1839. Υπό την καθοδήγηση του, φιλοτεχνήθηκε μια σειρά 24 πινάκων σε ξύλο. Η σειρά αποτέλεσε πρότυπο για τέσσερις σειρές ισάριθμων υδατογραφιών σε χαρτόνι, τις οποίες ο αγωνιστής δώρισε στον βασιλέα Όθωνα και στους πρέσβεις της Αγγλίας, Γαλλίας και Ρωσίας.

Από την αρχική σειρά σώζονται οι οχτώ πίνακες που εκτίθενται στο Μουσείο.

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